Several studies suggest advantages to using paper and pencil/pen compared to computers for learning a new subject. Here are some key findings:
Improved Memory and Retention:
• A 2014 study published in “Psychological Science” found that students who took handwritten notes remembered more information and performed better on exams compared to those who typed their notes on a laptop. The study suggests that the physical act of writing helps to encode information into memory more effectively.
Psychological Science study on handwritten notes:
• A 2020 study published in “Frontiers in Psychology” compared student performance on memorizing vocabulary words after writing them by hand, typing them, or seeing them on a screen. The study found that handwriting led to the best recall, followed by typing and then seeing the words on a screen.
Deeper Processing and Understanding:
• A 2017 study published in “Computers & Education” found that students who took handwritten notes could better summarize complex information and identify key points than those who typed their notes. The study suggests that handwriting may encourage deeper processing of the material.
Computers & Education study on handwritten notes:
• A 2019 study published in “npj Science of Learning” found that students who drew diagrams by hand to represent scientific concepts performed better on tests than those who used digital drawing tools. The study suggests that the physical act of drawing may help students to understand better and remember the concepts.
Reduced Distractions and Improved Focus:
• A 2015 study published in “Computers in Human Behavior” found that students who used computers in class were likelier to multitask and check social media than those who used pen and paper. The study suggests that computers can be a source of distraction for many learners.
Computers in Human Behavior study on multitasking:
• A 2013 study published in “Applied Cognitive Psychology” found that students who took handwritten notes reported feeling more focused and engaged in the material than those who typed their notes. The study suggests that the physical act of writing may help to reduce distractibility and improve focus.
It’s important to note that these studies have limitations, and some research has shown mixed results. However, the body of evidence suggests that there may be cognitive benefits to using paper and pencil/pen for learning, particularly regarding memory, retention, and focus.
Ultimately, the best learning method may vary depending on the individual and subject matter. Some people may learn best with a combination of traditional and digital tools. The key is to experiment and find what works best for you.